terraform_IaaC

Created: July 11, 2023 9:28 AM Tags: Work URL: https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/install-cli

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Introduction

Infrastructure as code (IaaC) tools allow you to manage infrastructure with configuration files rather than through a graphical user interface. IaC allows you to build, change, and manage your infrastructure in a safe, consistent, and repeatable way by defining resource configurations that you can version, reuse, and share.

Terraform is HashiCorp's infrastructure as code tool. It lets you define resources and infrastructure in human-readable, declarative configuration files, and manages your infrastructure's lifecycle. Using Terraform has several advantages over manually managing your infrastructure:

Terraform can manage infrastructure on multiple cloud platforms.
The human-readable configuration language helps you write infrastructure code quickly.
Terraform's state allows you to track resource changes throughout your deployments.
You can commit your configurations to version control to safely collaborate on infrastructure.

Deployment Workflow

Terraform's configuration language is declarative, meaning that it describes the desired end-state for your infrastructure, in contrast to procedural programming languages that require step-by-step instructions to perform tasks. Terraform providers automatically calculate dependencies between resources to create or destroy them in the correct order.

To deploy infrastructure with Terraform:

Scope - Identify the infrastructure for your project.
Author - Write the configuration for your infrastructure.
Initialize - Install the plugins Terraform needs to manage the infrastructure.
Plan - Preview the changes Terraform will make to match your configuration.
Apply - Make the planned changes.

Installation

1. chocolatey on Windows

choco install terraform

To verify installation:

terraform -help

terraform -help plan

2. Linux - Ubuntu/Debian

Ensure that your system is up to date and you have installed the gnupg, software-properties-common, and curl packages installed. You will use these packages to verify HashiCorp's GPG signature and install HashiCorp's Debian package repository.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y gnupg software-properties-common

Install the HashiCorp GPG Key

wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | \
gpg --dearmor | \
sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg

verify the key’s fingerprint

gpg --no-default-keyring \
--keyring /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg \
--fingerprint

Add the official HashiCorp repository to your system. The lsb_release -cs command finds the distribution release codename for your current system, such as buster, groovy, or sid.

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] \
https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list

Download the package information from HashiCorp.

sudo apt update

install terraform from the new repository

sudo apt-get install terraform

to verify the installation just like on windows we do,

terraform -help

Getting started

simple docker container with NGINX

create a directory that will house the configuration files that you write to describe the infrastructure you want terraform to create an manage.

When you initialize and apply the configuration here, Terraform uses this directory to store the required plugins, modules(pre-written configurations), and information about the real infrastructure it created
```
mkdir learn-terraform-docker-container

cd learn-terraform-docker-container
```
in the directory above create a file called main.tf and paste the following configuration text
- remember to use a linux terminal (Ubuntu) if you are using windows, a WSL terminal will work just fine
```
terraform {
  required_providers {
    docker = {
      source  = "kreuzwerker/docker"
      version = "~> 3.0.1"
    }
  }
}

provider "docker" {}

resource "docker_image" "nginx" {
  name         = "nginx"
  keep_locally = false
}

resource "docker_container" "nginx" {
  image = docker_image.nginx.image_id
  name  = "tutorial"

  ports {
    internal = 80
    external = 8000
  }
}
```

initialize the project which downloads a plugin called provider that lets Terraform interact with Docker

For Docker installation check journal notes on it above

terraform init

Provision the NGINX server container with apply. When Terraform asks you to confirm type yes and press ENTER.

terraform apply

Verify the existence of the NGINX container by visiting localhost:8000 in your web browser or running docker ps to see the container.

to stop the container, run the below command;

terraform destroy

willywairagu/learn-terraform-docker-container