About

This directory contains all code implementation and hardware designs for METRO.

As a brief summary, road surface markings, like symbols and line markings, are vital traffic infrastructures for driving safety and efficiency. However, real-world conditions can impair the utility of existing road markings. For example, adverse weather conditions such as snow and rain can quickly obliterate visibility. Existing vision-free methods (e.g., mmWave, RFID) suffer from several key issues, such as signal distortion due to the multi-path effect in high-speed scenarios and high deployment costs.

We propose a novel MagnETic ROad marking system (METRO) for robust recognition of road markings at low cost and high deployability. METRO pairs (a) easily deployable passive magnetic road markings with (b) an automotive-grade magnetic sensing framework that detects and interprets these markings. The design of METRO addresses several real-world challenges, such as mitigating the impact of magnetic disturbances, lowering deployment costs, and enhancing the durability of magnetic tags. On-road field tests of METRO demonstrate an overall accuracy of over 96% in interpreting various road markings in adverse conditions with less cost (only $0.17 per meter) than traditional road markings ($0.21-7.70 per meter). Our field evaluation of METRO over one month demonstrates the practicality and robustness of METRO in real-world settings.

Lisense

METRO is licensed under the MIT license included in the LICENSE file.

Setup

To use METRO, the following hardwares and development tools are required:

METRO's sensor array
Arduino IDE
Python environment
PCAN-View

METRO's sensor array

We provide the manufacturing details of the METRO's sensor array in /PCBs, please see the related README file.

Arduino IDE setup

Arduino IDE is used for programing the sensor array.

Download and install Arduino IDE
Set up the Arduino IDE for the Teensy 4.1 Development Board, according to the official instruction. Once completed, you will be able to access the board information by clicking on the 'Tools' menu
Install the Adafruit MLX90393 Library for the Arduino IDE:
- Click 'Sketch' --> 'Include Library' --> 'Manage Libraries...'
- Search for Adafruit MLX90393, and install the Adafruit MLX90393 library:

Python environment setup

The METRO system's sensing pipeline is developed using the Python programming language.

Install the Python environment. You can install the official Python distribution or Anaconda
Install all the dependencies listed in the ./Code/requirements.txt file by using the command 'pip install <package-name>'.

Connect to the CAN bus

To obtain velocity and steering angle data from the vehicle's Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, a PCAN-USB adapter to connect to the vehicle and the official software PCAN-View are required.

With these tools, you can connect to the CAN bus with the following Python script.

import can
from can.bus import BusState
from can.interfaces.pcan.basic import *

BUS = can.interface.Bus(bustype="pcan",channel="PCAN_USBBUS1", bitrate=500000)
BUS.state = BusState.PASSIVE

Then, you can get the real-time data from the CAN network by running the following code.

msg = BUS.recv(1)

The full implementation of obtaining velocity and steering angle data from the CAN network is integrated into the real-time sensing pipeline Codes/Sensing_Pipeline/real_time_detecting_both_tag.py. Please see lines 82-101 for more details.

Run a Quick Demo

You can find a quick demo in the /Quick_Demo directory that does not require a connection to the vehicle's CAN network. For more information, please refer to the related README file.

Citing METRO

If you use METRO in your research or wish to refer to the baseline results, please use the provided BibTeX entry below.

@inproceedings{metro,
author = {Wang, Jike and Wang, Shanmu and Iravantchi, Yasha and Wang, Mingke and Sample, Alanson and Shin, Kang G. and Wang, Xinbing and Zhou, Chenghu and Chen, Dongyao},
title = {METRO: Magnetic Road Markings for All-weather, Smart Roads},
year = {2024},
isbn = {9798400704147},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3625687.3625809},
doi = {10.1145/3625687.3625809},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems},
pages = {280–293},
numpages = {14},
keywords = {magnetic sensing, all-weather road markings, magnetometer},
location = {, Istanbul, Turkiye, },
series = {SenSys '23}
}

wjk5117/METRO