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Prerender SPA Plugin

Flexible, framework-agnostic static site generation for sites and SPAs built with webpack.

About prerender-spa-plugin

👉 This is the stable 3.x version of prerender-spa-plugin based on puppeteer. If you're looking for the (now-deprecated) 2.x version, based on PhantomJS, take a look at the v2 branch.

The goal of this plugin is to provide a simple prerendering solution that is easily extensible and usable for any site or single-page-app built with webpack.

Plugins for other task runners and build systems are planned.

Examples

Framework-specific examples can be found in the examples/ directory.

Basic Usage (`webpack.config.js`)

const path = require('path')
const PrerenderSPAPlugin = require('prerender-spa-plugin')

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    ...
    new PrerenderSPAPlugin({
      // Required - The path to the webpack-outputted app to prerender.
      staticDir: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'),
      // Required - Routes to render.
      routes: [ '/', '/about', '/some/deep/nested/route' ],
    })
  ]
}

Advanced Usage (`webpack.config.js`)

const path = require('path')
const PrerenderSPAPlugin = require('prerender-spa-plugin')
const Renderer = PrerenderSPAPlugin.PuppeteerRenderer

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    ...
    new PrerenderSPAPlugin({
      // Required - The path to the webpack-outputted app to prerender.
      staticDir: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'),

      // Optional - The path your rendered app should be output to.
      // (Defaults to staticDir.)
      outputDir: path.join(__dirname, 'prerendered'),

      // Optional - The location of index.html
      indexPath: path.join(__dirname, 'dist', 'index.html'),

      // Required - Routes to render.
      routes: [ '/', '/about', '/some/deep/nested/route' ],

      // Optional - Allows you to customize the HTML and output path before
      // writing the rendered contents to a file.
      // renderedRoute can be modified and it or an equivelant should be returned.
      // renderedRoute format:
      // {
      //   route: String, // Where the output file will end up (relative to outputDir)
      //   originalRoute: String, // The route that was passed into the renderer, before redirects.
      //   html: String, // The rendered HTML for this route.
      //   outputPath: String // The path the rendered HTML will be written to.
      // }
      postProcess (renderedRoute) {
        // Ignore any redirects.
        renderedRoute.route = renderedRoute.originalRoute
        // Basic whitespace removal. (Don't use this in production.)
        renderedRoute.html = renderedRoute.html.split(/>[\s]+</gmi).join('><')
        // Remove /index.html from the output path if the dir name ends with a .html file extension.
        // For example: /dist/dir/special.html/index.html -> /dist/dir/special.html
        if (renderedRoute.route.endsWith('.html')) {
          renderedRoute.outputPath = path.join(__dirname, 'dist', renderedRoute.route)
        }

        return renderedRoute
      },

      // Optional - Uses html-minifier (https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier)
      // To minify the resulting HTML.
      // Option reference: https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
      minify: {
        collapseBooleanAttributes: true,
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        decodeEntities: true,
        keepClosingSlash: true,
        sortAttributes: true
      },

      // Server configuration options.
      server: {
        // Normally a free port is autodetected, but feel free to set this if needed.
        port: 8001
      },

      // The actual renderer to use. (Feel free to write your own)
      // Available renderers: https://github.com/Tribex/prerenderer/tree/master/renderers
      renderer: new Renderer({
        // Optional - The name of the property to add to the window object with the contents of `inject`.
        injectProperty: '__PRERENDER_INJECTED',
        // Optional - Any values you'd like your app to have access to via `window.injectProperty`.
        inject: {
          foo: 'bar'
        },

        // Optional - defaults to 0, no limit.
        // Routes are rendered asynchronously.
        // Use this to limit the number of routes rendered in parallel.
        maxConcurrentRoutes: 4,

        // Optional - Wait to render until the specified event is dispatched on the document.
        // eg, with `document.dispatchEvent(new Event('custom-render-trigger'))`
        renderAfterDocumentEvent: 'custom-render-trigger',

        // Optional - Wait to render until the specified element is detected using `document.querySelector`
        renderAfterElementExists: 'my-app-element',

        // Optional - Wait to render until a certain amount of time has passed.
        // NOT RECOMMENDED
        renderAfterTime: 5000, // Wait 5 seconds.

        // Other puppeteer options.
        // (See here: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/master/docs/api.md#puppeteerlaunchoptions)
        headless: false // Display the browser window when rendering. Useful for debugging.
      })
    })
  ]
}

v2.x Compability

Most usages of prerender-spa-plugin v2.x should be compatible with v3.x. The exception being advanced configuration options that controlled PhantomJS. These have been replaced by pluggable renderers with their own specific configuration options.

If you use this format, you will be greeted with a warning prompting you to migrate to the new object-based configuration format, but it should still function for the time being.

const path = require('path')
const PrerenderSPAPlugin = require('prerender-spa-plugin')

module.exports = {

  // ...

  plugins: [
    new PrerenderSPAPlugin(
      // (REQUIRED) Absolute path to static root
      path.join(__dirname, 'relative/path/to/static/root'),
      // (REQUIRED) List of routes to prerender
      [ '/', '/about', '/contact' ],
      // (OPTIONAL) Compatible options from v2.
      {
        // NOTE: Unless you are relying on asynchronously rendered content,
        // such as after an Ajax request, none of these options should be
        // necessary. All synchronous scripts are already executed before
        // capturing the page content.

        // Wait until a specific event is fired on the document.
        captureAfterDocumentEvent: 'custom-post-render-event',
        // This is how you would trigger this example event:
        // document.dispatchEvent(new Event('custom-post-render-event'))

        // Wait until a specific element is detected with
        // document.querySelector.
        captureAfterElementExists: '#content',

        // Wait until a number of milliseconds has passed after scripts
        // have been executed. It's important to note that this may
        // produce unreliable results when relying on network
        // communication or other operations with highly variable timing.
        captureAfterTime: 5000,

        // path of index file. By default it's index.html in static root.
        indexPath: path.resolve('/dist/path/to/index.html'),

        // Manually transform the HTML for each page after prerendering,
        // for example to set the page title and metadata in edge cases
        // where you cannot handle this via your routing solution.
        //
        // The function's context argument contains two properties:
        //
        // - html :: the resulting HTML after prerendering)
        // - route :: the route currently being processed
        //            e.g. "/", "/about", or "/contact")
        //
        // Whatever is returned will be printed to the prerendered file.
        // NOTE: this has been deprecated in favor of the `postProcess` option.
        // See the documentation below.
        postProcessHtml: function (context) {
          var titles = {
            '/': 'Home',
            '/about': 'Our Story',
            '/contact': 'Contact Us'
          }
          return context.html.replace(
            /<title>[^<]*<\/title>/i,
            '<title>' + titles[context.route] + '</title>'
          )
        }
      }
    )
  ]
}

Additional Changes

It is no longer possible to use multiple renderAfterX (captureAfterX) options at the same time. Only one may be selected. The reason for this removal is to prevent ambiguity.
The recommended configuration format has changed from new PrerenderSPAPlugin(staticDir: String, routes: Array<String>, config: Object) to
```
new PrerenderSPAPlugin({
  staticDir: String,
  routes: String,
  ...
})
```
in order to reduce ambiguity. The old format still works for the time being.
The default renderer is no longer PhantomJS. It has been replaced with puppeteer. It is fairly simple to develop your own renderer as well. An alternate jsdom-based renderer is available at @prerenderer/renderer-jsdom.
prerender-spa-plugin is now based on prerenderer. Accordingly, most bugs should be reported in that repository.

What is Prerendering?

Recently, SSR (Server Side Rendering) has taken the JavaScript front-end world by storm. The fact that you can now render your sites and apps on the server before sending them to your clients is an absolutely revolutionary idea (and totally not what everyone was doing before JS client-side apps got popular in the first place...)

However, the same criticisms that were valid for PHP, ASP, JSP, (and such) sites are valid for server-side rendering today. It's slow, breaks fairly easily, and is difficult to implement properly.

Thing is, despite what everyone might be telling you, you probably don't need SSR. You can get almost all the advantages of it (without the disadvantages) by using prerendering. Prerendering is basically firing up a headless browser, loading your app's routes, and saving the results to a static HTML file. You can then serve it with whatever static-file-serving solution you were using previously. It just works with HTML5 navigation and the likes. No need to change your code or add server-side rendering workarounds.

In the interest of transparency, there are some use-cases where prerendering might not be a great idea.

Tons of routes - If your site has hundreds or thousands of routes, prerendering will be really slow. Sure you only have to do it once per update, but it could take ages. Most people don't end up with thousands of static routes, but just in-case...
Dynamic Content - If your render routes that have content that's specific to the user viewing it or other dynamic sources, you should make sure you have placeholder components that can display until the dynamic content loads on the client-side. Otherwise it might be a tad weird.

Available Renderers

@prerenderer/renderer-puppeteer - Uses puppeteer to render pages in headless Chrome.
@prerenderer/renderer-jsdom - Uses jsdom. Extremely fast, but unreliable and cannot handle advanced usages. May not work with all front-end frameworks and apps.

Which renderer should I use?

Use @prerenderer/renderer-puppeteer if: You're prerendering up to a couple hundred pages and want accurate results (bye-bye RAM!).

Use @prerenderer/renderer-jsdom if: You need to prerender thousands upon thousands of pages, but quality isn't all that important, and you're willing to work around issues for more advanced cases. (Programmatic SVG support, etc.)

Documentation

Plugin Options

Option	Type	Required?	Default	Description
staticDir	String	Yes	None	The root path to serve your app from.
outputDir	String	No	None	Where the prerendered pages should be output. If not set, defaults to staticDir.
indexPath	String	No	`staticDir/index.html`	The index file to fall back on for SPAs.
postProcess	Function(Object context): [Object \| Promise]	No	None	See the Using the postProcess Option section.
minify	Object	No	None	Minifies the resulting HTML using html-minifier. Full list of options available here.
server	Object	No	None	App server configuration options (See below)
renderer	Renderer Instance or Configuration Object	No	`new PuppeteerRenderer()`	The renderer you'd like to use to prerender the app. It's recommended that you specify this, but if not it will default to `@prerenderer/renderer-puppeteer`.

Server Options

Option	Type	Required?	Default	Description
port	Integer	No	First free port after 8000	The port for the app server to run on.
proxy	Object	No	No proxying	Proxy configuration. Has the same signature as webpack-dev-server

Using The postProcess Option

The postProcess(Object context): Object | Promise function in your renderer configuration allows you to adjust the output of prerender-spa-plugin before writing it to a file. It is called once per rendered route and is passed a context object in the form of:

{
  // The prerendered route, after following redirects.
  route: String,
  // The original route passed, before redirects.
  originalRoute: String,
  // The resulting HTML for the route.
  html: String,
  // The path to write the rendered HTML to.
  // This is null (automatically calculated after postProcess)
  // unless explicitly set.
  outputPath: String || null
}

You can modify context.html to change what gets written to the prerendered files and/or modify context.route or context.outputPath to change the output location.

You are expected to adjust those properties as needed, then return the context object, or a promise that resolves to it like so:

postProcess(context) {
  // Remove /index.html from the output path if the dir name ends with a .html file extension.
  // For example: /dist/dir/special.html/index.html -> /dist/dir/special.html
  if (context.route.endsWith('.html')) {
    context.outputPath = path.join(__dirname, 'dist', context.route)
  }

  return context
}

postProcess(context) {
  return someAsyncProcessing(context.html)
    .then((html) => {
      context.html = html;
      return context;
    });
}

Vue.js Notes

If you are having issues prerendering with Vue.js, try adding the data-server-rendered="true" attribute to your root app element. This will cause Vue to treat your current page as an already-rendered app and update it rather than completely rerendering the whole tree. You can add the attribute using postProcess or by manipulating the DOM with JavaScript prior prerendering with renderAfterDocumentEvent.

`@prerenderer/renderer-puppeteer` options

Option	Type	Required?	Default	Description
maxConcurrentRoutes	Number	No	0 (No limit)	The number of routes allowed to be rendered at the same time. Useful for breaking down massive batches of routes into smaller chunks.
inject	Object	No	None	An object to inject into the global scope of the rendered page before it finishes loading. Must be `JSON.stringifiy`-able. The property injected to is `window['__PRERENDER_INJECTED']` by default.
injectProperty	String	No	`__PRERENDER_INJECTED`	The property to mount `inject` to during rendering.
renderAfterDocumentEvent	String	No	None	Wait to render until the specified event is fired on the document. (You can fire an event like so: `document.dispatchEvent(new Event('custom-render-trigger'))`
renderAfterElementExists	String (Selector)	No	None	Wait to render until the specified element is detected using `document.querySelector`
renderAfterTime	Integer (Milliseconds)	No	None	Wait to render until a certain amount of time has passed.
skipThirdPartyRequests	Boolean	No	`false`	Automatically block any third-party requests. (This can make your pages load faster by not loading non-essential scripts, styles, or fonts.)
consoleHandler	function(route: String, message: ConsoleMessage)	No	None	Allows you to provide a custom console.* handler for pages. Argument one to your function is the route being rendered, argument two is the Puppeteer ConsoleMessage object.
[Puppeteer Launch Options]	?	No	None	Any additional options will be passed to `puppeteer.launch()`, such as `headless: false`.

`@prerenderer/renderer-jsdom` options

Option	Type	Required?	Default	Description
maxConcurrentRoutes	Number	No	0 (No limit)	The number of routes allowed to be rendered at the same time. Useful for breaking down massive batches of routes into smaller chunks.
inject	Object	No	None	An object to inject into the global scope of the rendered page before it finishes loading. Must be `JSON.stringifiy`-able. The property injected to is `window['__PRERENDER_INJECTED']` by default.
injectProperty	String	No	`__PRERENDER_INJECTED`	The property to mount `inject` to during rendering.
renderAfterDocumentEvent	String	No	None	Wait to render until the specified event is fired on the document. (You can fire an event like so: `document.dispatchEvent(new Event('custom-render-trigger'))`
renderAfterElementExists	String (Selector)	No	None	Wait to render until the specified element is detected using `document.querySelector`
renderAfterTime	Integer (Milliseconds)	No	None	Wait to render until a certain amount of time has passed.

Tips & Troubleshooting

JS not firing before prerender?

If you have code that relies on the existence of <body> (and you almost certainly do), simply run it in a callback to the DOMContentLoaded event: (Otherwise you'll find that prerender-spa-plugin will output the contents of your page before your JS runs.)

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
  // your code
})

For example, if you're using Vue.js and mounting to a <div id="app"> in <body>:

const root = new Vue({
  // ...
})

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
  root.$mount('#app')
})

Inline Styles

If you rely on inline CSS, i.e. you do not extract CSS from your bundle and, thus, experience duplicate CSS style tags, consider using extract-text-webpack-plugin to extract CSS into a separate file and then either inject CSS back into a template.html file using html-webpack-plugin or just call it as an external CSS file.

Either way, there will not be any unnecessary styles inside JS.

Caveats

For obvious reasons, prerender-spa-plugin only works for SPAs that route using the HTML5 history API. index.html#/hash/route URLs will unfortunately not work.
Whatever client-side rendering library you're using should be able to at least replace any server-rendered content or diff with it.
- For Vue.js 1 use replace: false on root components.
- For Vue.js 2 Ensure your root component has the same id as the prerendered element it's replacing. Otherwise you'll end up with duplicated content.

Alternatives

react-snap - Zero-configuration framework-agnostic prerendering. Does not depend on webpack. Handles a variety of edge-cases.
snapshotify - An experimental prerenderer that performes a number of speed optimizations.
presite - Minimal-configuration framework-agnostic prerendering.
prerenderer - Pluggable prerendering library that prerender-spa-plugin v3+ is based on.

License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2017 Chris Fritz

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.