Couler aims to provide a unified interface for constructing and managing workflows on different workflow engines, such as Argo Workflows, Tekton Pipelines, and Apache Airflow.
Many workflow engines exist nowadays, e.g. Argo Workflows, Tekton Pipelines, and Apache Airflow. However, their programming experience varies and they have different level of abstractions that are often obscure and complex. The code snippets below are some examples for constructing workflows using Apache Airflow and Kubeflow Pipelines.
| Apache Airflow | Kubeflow Pipelines |
|---|---|
def create_dag(dag_id,
schedule,
dag_number,
default_args):
def hello_world_py(*args):
print('Hello World')
dag = DAG(dag_id,
schedule_interval=schedule,
default_args=default_args)
with dag:
t1 = PythonOperator(
task_id='hello_world',
python_callable=hello_world_py,
dag_number=dag_number)
return dag
for n in range(1, 10):
default_args = {'owner': 'airflow',
'start_date': datetime(2018, 1, 1)
}
globals()[dag_id] = create_dag(
'hello_world_{}'.format(str(n)),
'@daily',
n,
default_args) |
class FlipCoinOp(dsl.ContainerOp):
"""Flip a coin and output heads or tails randomly."""
def __init__(self):
super(FlipCoinOp, self).__init__(
name='Flip',
image='python:alpine3.6',
command=['sh', '-c'],
arguments=['python -c "import random; result = \'heads\' if random.randint(0,1) == 0 '
'else \'tails\'; print(result)" | tee /tmp/output'],
file_outputs={'output': '/tmp/output'})
class PrintOp(dsl.ContainerOp):
"""Print a message."""
def __init__(self, msg):
super(PrintOp, self).__init__(
name='Print',
image='alpine:3.6',
command=['echo', msg],
)
# define the recursive operation
@graph_component
def flip_component(flip_result):
print_flip = PrintOp(flip_result)
flipA = FlipCoinOp().after(print_flip)
with dsl.Condition(flipA.output == 'heads'):
flip_component(flipA.output)
@dsl.pipeline(
name='pipeline flip coin',
description='shows how to use graph_component.'
)
def recursive():
flipA = FlipCoinOp()
flipB = FlipCoinOp()
flip_loop = flip_component(flipA.output)
flip_loop.after(flipB)
PrintOp('cool, it is over. %s' % flipA.output).after(flip_loop) |
Couler provides a unified interface for constructing and managing workflows that provides the following:
- Simplicity: Unified interface and imperative programming style for defining workflows with automatic construction of directed acyclic graph (DAG).
- Extensibility: Extensible to support various workflow engines.
- Reusability: Reusable steps for tasks such as distributed training of machine learning models.
- Efficiency: Automatic workflow and resource optimizations under the hood.
Please see the following sections for installation guide and examples.
- Couler currently only supports Argo Workflows. Please see instructions here to install Argo Workflows on your Kubernetes cluster.
- Install Python 3.6+
- Install Couler Python SDK via the following
pipcommand:
pip install git+https://github.com/couler-proj/coulerAlternatively, you can clone this repository and then run the following to install:
python setup.py installThis example combines the use of a Python function result, along with conditionals,
to take a dynamic path in the workflow. In this example, depending on the result
of the first step defined in flip_coin(), the template will either run the
heads() step or the tails() step.
Steps can be defined via either couler.run_script()
for Python functions or couler.run_container() for containers. In addition,
the conditional logic to decide whether to flip the coin in this example
is defined via the combined use of couler.when() and couler.equal().
import couler.argo as couler
from couler.argo_submitter import ArgoSubmitter
def random_code():
import random
res = "heads" if random.randint(0, 1) == 0 else "tails"
print(res)
def flip_coin():
return couler.run_script(image="python:alpine3.6", source=random_code)
def heads():
return couler.run_container(
image="alpine:3.6", command=["sh", "-c", 'echo "it was heads"']
)
def tails():
return couler.run_container(
image="alpine:3.6", command=["sh", "-c", 'echo "it was tails"']
)
result = flip_coin()
couler.when(couler.equal(result, "heads"), lambda: heads())
couler.when(couler.equal(result, "tails"), lambda: tails())
submitter = ArgoSubmitter()
couler.run(submitter=submitter)This example demonstrates different ways to define the workflow as a directed-acyclic graph (DAG) by specifying the
dependencies of each task via couler.set_dependencies() and couler.dag(). Please see the code comments for the
specific shape of DAG that we've defined in linear() and diamond().
import couler.argo as couler
from couler.argo_submitter import ArgoSubmitter
def job_a(message):
couler.run_container(
image="docker/whalesay:latest",
command=["cowsay"],
args=[message],
step_name="A",
)
def job_b(message):
couler.run_container(
image="docker/whalesay:latest",
command=["cowsay"],
args=[message],
step_name="B",
)
def job_c(message):
couler.run_container(
image="docker/whalesay:latest",
command=["cowsay"],
args=[message],
step_name="C",
)
def job_d(message):
couler.run_container(
image="docker/whalesay:latest",
command=["cowsay"],
args=[message],
step_name="D",
)
# A
# / \
# B C
# /
# D
def linear():
couler.set_dependencies(lambda: job_a(message="A"), dependencies=None)
couler.set_dependencies(lambda: job_b(message="B"), dependencies=["A"])
couler.set_dependencies(lambda: job_c(message="C"), dependencies=["A"])
couler.set_dependencies(lambda: job_d(message="D"), dependencies=["B"])
# A
# / \
# B C
# \ /
# D
def diamond():
couler.dag(
[
[lambda: job_a(message="A")],
[lambda: job_a(message="A"), lambda: job_b(message="B")], # A -> B
[lambda: job_a(message="A"), lambda: job_c(message="C")], # A -> C
[lambda: job_b(message="B"), lambda: job_d(message="D")], # B -> D
[lambda: job_b(message="C"), lambda: job_d(message="D")], # C -> D
]
)
linear()
submitter = ArgoSubmitter()
couler.run(submitter=submitter)Note that the current version only works with Argo Workflows but we are actively working on the design of the unified interface that is extensible to additional workflow engines. Please stay tuned for more updates and we welcome any feedback and contributions from the community.