python-react

Server-side rendering of React components with data from your Python system

from react.render import render_component

rendered = render_component(
    '/path/to/component.jsx',
    {
        'foo': 'bar',
        'woz': [1,2,3],
    }
)

print(rendered)

For client-side integrations, refer to the docs.

Documentation

Installation
Basic usage
- Setting up a render server
Using React on the front-end
render_component
Render server
Settings
Frequently Asked Questions
Running the tests

Installation

pip install react

Basic usage

python-react provides an interface to a render server which is capable of rendering React components with data from your python process.

Render requests should provide a path to a JS file that exports a React component. If you want to pass data to the component, you can optionally provide a second argument that will be used as the component's props property.

from react.render import render_component

rendered = render_component('path/to/component.jsx', {'foo': 'bar'})

print(rendered)

The object returned has two properties:

markup - the rendered markup
props - the JSON-serialized props
data - the data returned by the render server

If the object is coerced to a string, it will emit the value of the markup attribute.

Setting up a render server

Render servers are typically Node.js processes which sit alongside the python process and respond to network requests.

To add a render server to your project, you can refer to the basic rendering example for a simple server that will cover most cases. The key files for the render server are:

render_server.js - the server's source code
package.json - the server's dependencies, installable with npm

Using React on the front-end

There are a number of ways in which you can integrate React into the frontend of a Python system. The typical setup involves a build tool and a python package that can integrate it.

The two most popular build tools are:

Webpack - compiles your files into browser-executable code and provides a variety of tools and processes which can simplify complicated workflows.
Browserify - has a lot of cross-over with webpack. Is argurably the easiest of the two to use, but it tends to lag behind webpack in functionality.

For React projects, you'll find that webpack is the usual recommendation. Webpack's hot module replacement, code-splitting, and a wealth of loaders are the features typically cited as being irreplaceable. react-hot-loader is a particularly useful tool, as it allows changes to your components to be streamed live into your browser.

If you want to integrate webpack's output into your python system, you can either hard-code the paths or you can use a manifest plugin that provides a way for your python system to introspect the compiler's state.

The most popular manifest tool is owais/django-webpack-loader. Owais has provided a great set of docs and examples, so it's your best bet for integrating webpack into your project.

If you aren't running a Django system, or you need portable manifests that can be decoupled and deployed, markfinger/python-webpack-manifest might suit your needs.

There's also markfinger/python-webpack, but it's a bit more heavy handed, abstract, and is only of use if you need a really tight coupling between your python and javascript worlds.

render_component

Renders a component to its initial HTML. You can use this method to generate HTML on the server and send the markup down on the initial request for faster page loads and to allow search engines to crawl your pages for SEO purposes.

Usage

from react.render import render_component

render_component(
    # A path to a file which exports your React component
    path='...',

    # An optional dictionary of data that will be passed to the renderer
    # and can be reused on the client-side.
    props={
        'foo': 'bar'
    },

    # An optional boolean indicating that React's `renderToStaticMarkup` method
    # should be used, rather than `renderToString`
    to_static_markup=False,

    # An optional object which will be used instead of the default renderer
    renderer=None,

    # An optional dictionary of request header information (such as `Accept-Language`)
    # to pass along with the request to the render server
    request_headers={
        'Accept-Language': 'da, en-gb;q=0.8, en;q=0.7'
    },

    # An optional timeout that is used when handling communications with the render server.
    # Can be an integer, a float, or a tuple containing two numeric values (the two values
    # represent the individual timeouts on the send & receive phases of the request).
    # Note that if not defined, this value will default to (5, 5)
    timeout=None
)

If you are using python-react in a Django project, relative paths to components will be resolved via Django's static file finders.

By default, render_component relies on access to a render server that exposes an endpoint compatible with react-render's API. If you want to use a different renderer, pass in an object as the renderer arg. The object should expose a render method which accepts the path, data, to_static_markup, and request_headers arguments.

Render server

Earlier versions of this library would run the render server as a subprocess, this tended to make development easier, but introduced instabilities and opaque behaviour. To avoid these issues python-react now relies on externally managed process. While managing extra processes can add more overhead initially, it avoids pain down the track.

If you only want to run the render server in particular environments, change the RENDER setting to False. When RENDER is False, the render server is not used directly, but it's wrapper will return similar objects with the markup attribute as an empty string.

Usage in development

In development environments, it can be easiest to set the RENDER setting to False. This ensures that the render server will not be used, hence you only need to manage your python process.

Be aware that the render servers provided in the examples and elsewhere rely on Node.js's module system which - similarly to Python - caches all modules as soon as they are imported. If you use the render server in a development environment, your code is cached and your changes will not effect the rendered markup until you reset the render server.

Usage in production

In production environments, you should ensure that RENDER is set to True.

You will want to run the render server under whatever supervisor process suits your need. Depending on your setup, you may need to change the RENDER_URL setting to reflect your environment.

The render server should be run with the NODE_ENV environment variable set to production, eg: NODE_ENV=production node render_server.js. React defaults to development mode and relies on the NODE_ENV variable to deactivate dev-oriented code (types and constraint checking) that slows down renders. Defining this variable will ensure that your code is rendered much faster.

Depending on your load, you may want to use a worker farm to handle rendering. Node's cluster module provides an easy way to fork a process and serve multiple instances from a single network address.

An alternative to worker farms is to put a cache in front of the render server. Be aware that render server requests are sent as POST requests and most reverse proxies have issues with caching POST requests.

When the render server wrapper connects to the JS process, it adds a ?hash=... parameter to the url. The hash parameter is a SHA-1 hash of the serialized data that is sent in the request's body and is intended for consumption by caching layers.

Another alternative is to wire the calls to the render server into your caching system. If you override the renderer kwarg, you could wrap the call to the server to first check if the data is available locally and fallback to populating the cache with the rendered markup.

Overriding the renderer

If you want to override the default renderer, one approach is to create a wrapper function so that you can consistently define the renderer argument to render_component. For example:

from react.render import render_component

class MyRenderer(object):
    def render(self, path, props=None, to_static_markup=False, request_headers=None, timeout=None):
        # ...

def my_render_function(*args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['renderer'] = MyRenderer()
    return render_component(*args, **kwargs)

Settings

If you are using python-react in a non-django project, settings can be defined by calling react.conf.settings.configure with keyword arguments matching the setting that you want to define. For example:

from react.conf import settings

DEBUG = True

settings.configure(
    RENDER=not DEBUG,
    RENDER_URL='http://127.0.0.1:9009/render',
)

If you are using python-react in a Django project, add 'react' to your INSTALLED_APPS and define settings in a REACT dictionary.

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    # ...
    'react',
)

REACT = {
    'RENDER': not DEBUG,
    'RENDER_URL': 'http://127.0.0.1:8001/render',
}

RENDER

A flag denoting that the render server should be used. If set to False, the renderer will return objects with an empty string as the markup attribute.

Pre-rendering your components is only intended for environments where serving markup quickly is a must. In a live development environment, running multiple processes overly complicates your setup and can lead to inexplicable behaviour due to the render server's file caches. Setting this to False will remove the need to run a render server next to your python server.

Default: True

RENDER_URL

A complete url to an endpoint which accepts POST requests conforming to react-render's API.

Default: 'http://127.0.0.1:9009/render'

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I return extra data from the render server?

You can edit the render server's code and annotate the returned payload with whatever data that you like. The payload provided by the render server is available under the data attribute of the response object.

For example:

from react.render import render_component

rendered = render_component('path/to/component.js')

print(rendered.data)

Can python-react integrate with Django?

python-react can integrate with Django's settings and the renderer integration can resolve relative paths to components via django's static file finders.

How do I handle Django's translation and gettext with React components?

sillygod sparked a discussion of this at issue #69.

Can python-react integrate with Web2Py?

Anima-t3d has a write-up of their experience in #70.

How do I pass child components to the root component?

Anima-t3d sparked a discussion of this at issue #71.

Running the tests

pip install -r requirements.txt
npm install
python runtests.py

zwang96-dl/python-react