CanardConfit/cc-compiler

A custom compiler project for HEPIA students to compile C-like for their own processor.

CC Processor Compiler

Description

The cc-compiler project is developed as part of an exercise at HEPIA in Geneva, where students are tasked with creating their own processor using Logisim. This project aims to provide a Node.js-based compiler that can translate high-level language instructions into machine code compatible with the custom processor designed in Logisim.

C-Like Syntax

Syntax	Arguments	Example	Description
R[0-7] = x	x = Any int number (8 bits)	R0 = 0	Assignation
R[0-7] = R[0-7] + R[0-7]		R0 = R1 + R2	Addition
R[0-7] = R[0-7] - R[0-7]		R0 = R1 - R2	Substraction
R[0-7] = R[0-7] >> 1		R0 = R1 >> 1	Shift right by 1
R[0-7] = R[0-7] << 1		R0 = R1 << 1	Shift left by 1
R[0-7] = R[0-7] ASR R[0-7]		R0 = R1 ASR R2	ASR shift
R[0-7] = R[0-7] and R[0-7]		R0 = R1 and R2	And operation
R[0-7] = R[0-7] or R[0-7]		R0 = R1 or R2	Or operation
R[0-7] = not R[0-7]		R0 = not R1	Not operation
while x y	x = (not) y = N,Z,C,V, True	while True	While
if R[0-7] x R[0-7]	x = ==, !=, <=, >=, <, >	if R0 == R1	If
{		`	Brace to start if or while block
}		`	Brace to end if or while block
STORE R[0-7] R[0-7] x	x = offset int	STORE R0 R1 0	Store from value into R[0-7] to RAM or peripheral (R[0-7] value pointer + offset)
LOAD R[0-7] R[0-7] x	x = offset int	LOAD R1 R2 0	Store from RAM or peripheral (R[0-7] value pointer + offset) to R[0-7] variable
JMP x	x = Any int number (signed)	JMP 2	Jump unconditional relative.

Assembler instructions

ALU instructions

Operation	Opcode	Result	Source 0	Source 1	Reserved
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09	08 07 06	05 04 03	02 01 00
RD = RS0 + RS1	0000	RD	RS0	RS1	—
RD = RS0 - RS1	0001	RD	RS0	RS1	—
RD = RS0 << 1	0010	RD	RS0	—	—
RD = RS0 >> 1	0011	RD	RS0	—	—
RD = ASR(RS0)	0100	RD	RS0	—	—
RD = RS0 AND RS1	0101	RD	RS0	RS1	—
RD = RS0 OR RS1	0110	RD	RS0	RS1	—
RD = NOT (RS0)	0111	RD	RS0	—	—

Initialization with constant instructions

Operation	Opcode	Result	Reserved	Constant
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09	08	07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
RD = val	1000	RD	-	val

Unconditional jump instructions

Operation	Opcode	Reserved	Number of jump (signed)
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09 08	07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
B : PC = PC + val	1011	-	val

Conditional jump instructions

Operation	Opcode	Condition	Number of jump (signed)
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09 08	07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
BC: If(cond), PC = PC + val	1010	COND	val

COND = Z,N,C,V.

Branch instructions (TODO)

Operation	Opcode	Reg Link	Reserved	Address to the function
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09 08	08	07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
BL : PC = val ; RL = PC + 1	1110	RL	-	val
BR : PC = [RL]	1111	RL	-	-

Memory access instructions (TODO)

Instruction	Opcode	Result	Pointer	offset
Bits	15 14 13 12	11 10 09	08 07 06	05 04 03 02 01 00
LD RD, offset[RP]	1100	RD	RP	offset
ST RS, offset[RP]	1101	RS	RP	offset

Peripheral access table

Description	Pointer value	Access	Pointer	offset
Leds	128	R / W	128	0
Bit 0 - LED0
Bit 1 - LED1
Bit 2 - LED2
Bit 3 - LED3
Bit 4 - LED4
Bit 5 - LED5
Bit 6 - LED6
Bit 7 - LED7
Buttons	129	R	128	1
Bit 0 - BTN0
Bit 1 - BTN1
Bit 2 - BTN2
Bit 3 - BTN3
Bit 4 - BTN4
Bit 5 - BTN5
Bit 6 - BTN6
Bit 7 - BTN7
UART
Registry Address	130	R / W	128	2
Bit 0 - Addr bit 0
Bit 1 - Addr bit 1
Bit 2 - Addr bit 2
Bit 3 - Addr bit 3
Bit 4 - Reserved
Bit 5 - Reserved
Bit 6 - Reserved
Bit 7 - Reserved
DataL	131	R	128	3
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
DataH	132	R	128	4
Bit 8
Bit 9
Bit 10
Bit 11
Bit 12
Bit 13
Bit 14
Bit 15
PWM
V1	133	W	128	5
V2	134	W	128	6
Other
Valve	135	R / W	128	7
Bit 0 - Valve bit 0
Bit 1 - Reserved
Bit 2 - Reserved
Bit 3 - Reserved
Bit 4 - Reserved
Bit 5 - Reserved
Bit 6 - Reserved
Bit 7 - Reserved
SPI1
DataL	136	R	128	8
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
DataH	137	R	128	9
Bit 8
Bit 9
Bit 10
Bit 11
Bit 12
Bit 13
Bit 14
Bit 15

UART Registries Table

Address	Value	Name	Description
0000	0x0	Version	Firmware version of the RobotMyLab
0001	0x1	Right Dist	Distance measured by the front right sensor
0010	0x2	Front Dist	Distance measured by the front sensor
0011	0x3	Left Dist	Distance measured by the front left sensor
0100	0x4	Accel X	X-axis of the accelerometer (front-back axis)
0101	0x5	Accel Y	Y-axis of the accelerometer (left-right axis)
0110	0x6	Accel Z	Z-axis of the accelerometer (up-down axis)
0111	0x7	Gyro X	Angular velocity around the X-axis
1000	0x8	Gyro Y	Angular velocity around the Y-axis
1001	0x9	Gyro Z	Angular velocity around the Z-axis
1010	0xA	Battery	Charge state of the rechargeable batteries
1011	0xB	Left IR	Value measured by the left ground IR sensor
1100	0xC	Right IR	Value measured by the right ground IR sensor
1101	0xD	Left Odom	Cumulative distance measured by the left odometric sensor
1110	0xE	Right Odom	Cumulative distance measured by the right odometric sensor
1111	0xF	IR RX	Value measured by the IR communication receiver

Examples

R0 = 0
while true
{
    R1 = 0
    R2 = 1
    while not N
    {
        R3 = R1 + R0
        R1 = R2 + R0
        R2 = R2 + R3
    }
}

Compiled to:

0 0x8000
1 0x8200
2 0x8401
3 0x0640
4 0x0280
5 0x0498
6 0xA402
7 0xB0FC
8 0xB0F9

Another example:

// -----
// Test whether the value of a peripheral variable is 30
// -----
R1 = 127

// Load data from R1 pointer with offset 5 into R2 var
LOAD R2 R1 5

// Test variable
R3 = 30

if R2 == R3
{
    R4 = 1
}
// Else
if R2 != R3
{
    R4 = 0
}

// Reassign pointer to store
R1 = 0

// Store result into RAM at 0x0
STORE R4 R1 0

Compiled to:

0x827F
0xC445
0x861E
0x2D0
0xA802
0xB002
0x8801
0x2D0
0xA803
0xB001
0x8800
0x8200
0xD840

Another example:

// -----
// Get Value from UART
// -----

// Pointer to Perihperal part
R1 = 128

// Address of the wanted UART registry
R2 = 2

// Store address wanted into UART address peripheral
STORE R2 R1 2

while true
{
    // Load data incoming from UART registry selected
    LOAD R0 R1 3

    // Display value from UART to Leds
    STORE R0 R1 0
}

Compiled to:

0x8280
0x8402
0xD442
0xC043
0xD040
0xB0FE