Argument Connectors

Revising and jointly considering references on argument mining, we have developed a two-level taxonomy of argument relations, and have gathered a relatively large set of linguistic connectors classified with the taxonomy. The taxonomy and the set of connectors, referred as an "argument relation lexicon", are made accessible here in English and Spanish.

Argument relation taxonomy and lexicon

Categories and subcategories of the proposed argument type taxonomy, and some categorized examples of English and Spanish argument connectors from the built lexicon. Words in brackets are optional.

Category	Subcategory	Intent	Num.	English connectors Examples	Num.	Spanish connector Examples
Cause	Condition	qualifier	30	if [ever/so], in case of/that	33	si [alguna vez/es así], en caso de/que
Cause	Reason	support	16	because [of], due to, since	16	porque, ya que, debido a [que], pues
Clarification	Conclusion	support	18	to conclude, in/as conclusion	21	para concluir, en/como conclusión
	Exemplification	support	8	for [example/instance], as an example [of]	12	por ejemplo, como ejemplo [de]
	Restatement	support	6	in other words, that is [to say]	26	en otras palabras, es decir, esto es
	Summary	support	12	summarizing, summing up, to sum up	7	resumiendo, concluyendo, para acabar
Consequence	Explanation	support	6	actually, in [actual] fact, indeed	6	realmente, de hecho, en realidad
	Goal	support	19	for, to, in order to, aimed/aiming to	15	para, por, con el fin de
	Result	support	21	therefore, thus, hence, then, so [that]	40	por [lo] tanto, por consiguiente/ende
Contrast	Alternative	support/attack	21	on the other hand, in another case	26	por otra parte, por otro lado, en otro caso
	Comparison	support/attack	7	while, whereas, compared [to/with]	17	mientras [que], comparado con
	Concession	attack	16	although, [even] though, despite [that]	28	aunque, aún/incluso [si/así], a pesar de
	Opposition	attack	22	but, however, nonetheless, albeit	31	pero, sin embargo, no obstante
Elaboration	Addition	support	15	also, besides, as well, too, moreover	17	también, además/aparte [de], [lo que] es más
	Precision	support	11	in particular, particularly, especially	13	en particular, particularmente, especialmente
	Similarity	support	8	similarly/analogously [to], like, likewise	10	similarmente/analogamente [a], como, al igual que
Total			236		318

Resources

The following files are located in the resources folder:

List of linguistic connectors in English
List of linguistic connectors in Spanish

Authors

Created on Jul 28, 2021
Created by:

License

This project is licensed under the terms of the Apache License 2.0.

Acknowledgements