A dockerfile that will build an image with Qt 5.12.3 and Visual Studio 2017 with compiler msvc2017_64.
When the docker image starts running, a .bat script in the home directory: C:\Users\ContainerUser\vcvars64.bat is executed to setup the visual studio compiler environment variables. Then everything should be ready to build and run.
Below is an example on how to build and run Qt5 projects using one of the Qt5 Example projects.
cd C:\Qt\Examples\Qt-5.12.3\qtestlib\tutorial1
mkdir build && cd build
%QTDIR%\bin\qmake.exe ..\tutorial1.pro -spec win32-msvc "CONFIG+=qtquickcompiler" && C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator\bin\jom.exe qmake_all
C:\Qt\Tools\QtCreator\bin\jom.exe
cd release
tutorial1.exe