Smash++

A fast tool to find and visualize rearrangements in DNA sequences.

Install

To install Smash++ on various operating systems, follow the instructions below. It requires CMake (>= 3.9) and a C++14 compliant compiler. Note that a precompiled executable is available for 64 bit operating systems in the experiment/bin directory.

Conda

Install Miniconda, then run the following:

conda install -y -c bioconda smashpp

Linux

Install Git and CMake:

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install git cmake

Clone Smash++ and install it:

  git clone https://github.com/smortezah/smashpp.git
  cd smashpp
  ./install.sh

macOS

Install Homebrew, Git and CMake:

  /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
  brew install git cmake

Clone Smash++ and install it:

  git clone https://github.com/smortezah/smashpp.git
  cd smashpp
  ./install.sh

Windows

Install WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux), then clone Smash++ and install it, like in Linux/macOS:

git clone https://github.com/smortezah/smashpp.git
cd smashpp
./install.sh

Run

./smashpp [OPTIONS]  -r <REF-FILE>  -t <TAR-FILE>

For example,

./smashpp -r ref -t tar

It is recommended to choose short names for reference and target sequences.

Options

To see the possible options for Smash++, type:

./smashpp

which provides the following:

SYNOPSIS
  ./smashpp [OPTIONS]  -r <REF-FILE>  -t <TAR-FILE>

OPTIONS
  Required:
  -r  <FILE>         = reference file (Seq/FASTA/FASTQ)
  -t  <FILE>         = target file    (Seq/FASTA/FASTQ)

  Optional:
  -l  <INT>          = level of compression: [0, 6]. Default -> 3
  -m  <INT>          = min segment size: [1, 4294967295]     -> 50
  -e  <FLOAT>        = entropy of 'N's: [0.0, 100.0]         -> 2.0
  -n  <INT>          = number of threads: [1, 255]           -> 4
  -f  <INT>          = filter size: [1, 4294967295]          -> 100
  -ft <INT/STRING>   = filter type (windowing function):     -> hann
                       {0/rectangular, 1/hamming, 2/hann,
                       3/blackman, 4/triangular, 5/welch,
                       6/sine, 7/nuttall}
  -fs [S][M][L]      = filter scale:
                       {S/small, M/medium, L/large}
  -d  <INT>          = sampling steps                        -> 1
  -th <FLOAT>        = threshold: [0.0, 20.0]                -> 1.5
  -rb <INT>          = ref beginning guard: [-32768, 32767]  -> 0
  -re <INT>          = ref ending guard: [-32768, 32767]     -> 0
  -tb <INT>          = tar beginning guard: [-32768, 32767]  -> 0
  -te <INT>          = tar ending guard: [-32768, 32767]     -> 0
  -ar                = consider asymmetric regions           -> no
  -nr                = do NOT compute self complexity        -> no
  -sb                = save sequence (input: FASTA/FASTQ)    -> no
  -sp                = save profile (*.prf)                  -> no
  -sf                = save filtered file (*.fil)            -> no
  -ss                = save segmented files (*.s[i])         -> no
  -sa                = save profile, filetered and           -> no
                       segmented files
  -rm k,[w,d,]ir,a,g/t,ir,a,g:...
  -tm k,[w,d,]ir,a,g/t,ir,a,g:...
                     = parameters of models
                <INT>  k:  context size
                <INT>  w:  width of sketch in log2 form,
                           e.g., set 10 for w=2^10=1024
                <INT>  d:  depth of sketch
                <INT>  ir: inverted repeat: {0, 1, 2}
                           0: regular (not inverted)
                           1: inverted, solely
                           2: both regular and inverted
              <FLOAT>  a:  estimator
              <FLOAT>  g:  forgetting factor: [0.0, 1.0)
                <INT>  t:  threshold (no. substitutions)
  -ll                = list of compression levels
  -h                 = usage guide
  -v                 = more information
  --version          = show version

AUTHOR
  Morteza Hosseini     seyedmorteza@ua.pt

SAMPLE
  ./smashpp -r ref -t tar -l 0 -m 1000

To see the options for Smash++ Visualizer, type:

./smashpp -viz

which provides the following:

SYNOPSIS
  ./smashpp -viz [OPTIONS]  -o <SVG-FILE>  <POS-FILE>

OPTIONS
  Required:
  <POS-FILE>         = position file, generated by
                       Smash++ tool (*.pos)

  Optional:
  -o  <SVG-FILE>     = output image name (*.svg).    Default -> map.svg
  -rn <STRING>       = reference name shown on output. If it
                       has spaces, use double quotes, e.g.
                       "Seq label". Default: name in header
                       of position file
  -tn <STRING>       = target name shown on output
  -l  <INT>          = type of the link between maps: [1, 6] -> 1
  -c  <INT>          = color mode: [0, 1]                    -> 0
  -p  <FLOAT>        = opacity: [0.0, 1.0]                   -> 0.9
  -w  <INT>          = width of the sequence: [8, 100]       -> 10
  -s  <INT>          = space between sequences: [5, 200]     -> 40
  -tc <INT>          = total number of colors: [1, 255]
  -rt <INT>          = reference tick: [1, 4294967295]
  -tt <INT>          = target tick: [1, 4294967295]
  -th [0][1]         = tick human readable: 0=false, 1=true  -> 1
  -m  <INT>          = minimum block size: [1, 4294967295]   -> 1
  -vv                = vertical view                         -> no
  -nrr               = do NOT show relative redundancy       -> no
                       (relative complexity)
  -nr                = do NOT show redunadancy               -> no
  -ni                = do NOT show inverse maps              -> no
  -ng                = do NOT show regular maps              -> no
  -n                 = show 'N' bases                        -> no
  -stat              = save stats (*.csv)                    -> stat.csv
  -h                 = usage guide
  -v                 = more information
  --version          = show version

AUTHOR
  Morteza Hosseini     seyedmorteza@ua.pt

SAMPLE
  ./smashpp -viz -vv -o simil.svg ref.tar.pos

Example

After installing Smash++, copy its executable file into example directory and go to that directory:

cp smashpp example/
cd example/

There is in this directory two 1000 base sequences, the reference sequence named ref, and the target sequence, named tar. Now, run Smash++ and the visualizer:

./smashpp -r ref -t tar
./smashpp -viz -o example.svg ref.tar.pos

Experiment

To reproduce results in the paper, we have provided the Python script xp.py in the experiment/ directory, that can run Smash++ on synthetic and real genomic data. By this script, you can automatically make/download the datasets, in case of synthetic/real data, run Smash++ on those data using predefined parameters, and benchmark the method.

To use xp.py, you need to switch False to True for a desired dataset, in the beginnig of the file. Then, it runs Smash++ on that (those) dataset(s) and saves in the result/ directory the results including:

a *.pos file, which contains the positions of similar regions, plus self- and relative-redundancy values. It also includes in the header the parameters used to run Smash++, and sizes of the reference and the target files
a *.svg file with the similar regions visualized. This file is the output of Smash++ visualizer.
the bench.csv file, that provides time and memory usage of Smash++. In case of comparing with Smash (the first version), this file will provide the time and memory usage of Smash method, too.
in some cases, there would be a *.csv file, including the number of regular and inverted regions among the detected rearrangements. This file is generated when -stat flag is enabled for Smash++ visualizer.

Note that xp.py requires conda for downloading the real dataset using Entrez Direct (EDirect) utility. If EDirect is not already installed, the script will automatically install it by conda.

Cite

Please cite the following, if you use Smash++:

M. Hosseini, D. Pratas, B. Morgenstern, A.J. Pinho, "Smash++: an alignment-free and memory-efficient tool to find genomic rearrangements," GigaScience, vol. 9, no. 5, 2020.

Issues

Please let us know if there is any issues.

License

Smash++ is licensed under GNU GPL v3.

cobilab/smashpp