guest20/Loki

Loki - Simple IOC and Incident Response Scanner

Loki - Simple IOC Scanner

Scanner for Simple Indicators of Compromise

Detection is based on four detection methods:

1. File Name IOC
   Regex match on full file path/name

2. Yara Rule Check
   Yara signature match on file data and process memory

3. Hash check
   Compares known malicious hashes (MD5, SHA1, SHA256) with scanned files
   
4. C2 Back Connect Check
   Compares process connection endpoints with C2 IOCs (new since version v.10)

Additional Checks:

1. Regin filesystem check (via --reginfs)
2. Process anomaly check (based on [Sysforensics](http://goo.gl/P99QZQ)
3. SWF decompressed scan (new since version v0.8)
4. SAM dump check
5. DoublePulsar check - tries to detect DoublePulsar backdoor on port 445/tcp and 3389/tcp

The Windows binary is compiled with PyInstaller 2.1 and should run as x86 application on both x86 and x64 based systems.

Download

Download the latest version of LOKI from the releases section.

How-To Run LOKI and Analyse the Reports

Run

• Download the latest LOKI version from the releases section
• Run it once to retrieve the latest signature base repository
• Provide the folder to a target system that should be scanned: removable media, network share, folder on target system
• Right-click on loki.exe and select "Run as Administrator" or open a command line "cmd.exe" as Administrator and run it from there (you can also run LOKI without administrative privileges but some checks will be disabled and relevant objects on disk will not be accessible)

Reports

• The resulting report will show a GREEN, YELLOW or RED result line.
• Please analyse the findings yourself by:
  1. uploading non-confidential samples to Virustotal.com
  2. Search the web for the filename
  3. Search the web for keywords from the rule name (e.g. EQUATIONGroupMalware_1 > search for "Equation Group")
  4. Search the web for the MD5 hash of the sample
  5. Search in my customer APT search engine for file names or identifiers
• Please report back false positives via the Issues section (mention the false positive indicator like a hash and/or filename and the rule name that triggered)

Included IOCs

Loki currently includes the following IOCs:

• Equation Group Malware (Hashes, Yara Rules by Kaspersky and 10 custom rules generated by us)
• Carbanak APT - Kaspersky Report (Hashes, Filename IOCs - no service detection and Yara rules)
• Arid Viper APT - Trendmicro (Hashes)
• Anthem APT Deep Panda Signatures (not officialy confirmed) (krebsonsecurity.com - see Blog Post)
• Regin Malware (GCHQ / NSA / FiveEyes) (incl. Legspin and Hopscotch)
• Five Eyes QUERTY Malware (Regin Keylogger Module - see: Kaspesky Report)
• Skeleton Key Malware (other state-sponsored Malware) - Source: Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit(TM)
• WoolenGoldfish - (SHA1 hashes, Yara rules) Trendmicro Report
• OpCleaver (Iranian APT campaign) - Source: Cylance
• More than 180 hack tool Yara rules - Source: APT Scanner THOR
• More than 600 web shell Yara rules - Source: APT Scanner THOR
• Numerous suspicious file name regex signatures - Source: APT Scanner THOR
• Much more ... (cannot update the list as fast as I include new signatures)

Loki is the new generic scanner that combines most of the features from my recently published scanners: ReginScanner and SkeletonKeyScanner.

Update

Since version 0.21.0 LOKI includes a separate updater tool named loki-upgrader.exe or loki-upgrader.py.

usage: loki-upgrader.py [-h] [-l log-file] [--sigsonly] [--progonly] [--nolog]
                        [--debug]

Loki - Upgrader

optional arguments:
  -h, --help   show this help message and exit
  -l log-file  Log file
  --sigsonly   Update the signatures only
  --progonly   Update the program files only
  --nolog      Don't write a local log file
  --debug      Debug output

It allows to update the compiled loki.exe for Windows and the signature-base sources.

When running loki.exe --update it will create an new upgrader process and exits LOKI in order to replace the loki.exe with the newer one, which would be locked otherwise.

Requirements

No requirements if you use the compiled EXE. If you want to build it yourself:

Linux or OS X

• yara : just use the latest release source code, compile and install it (or install it via pip install yara-python)
• Some Python packages: pip install yara-python psutil netaddr pylzma colorama

Windows

• yara : It's recommended to use the most recent version of the compiled packages for Windows (e.g. yara-python-3.5.0.0.win32-py2.7.exe - Download it from here: https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara/releases
• pywin32 : path conversions (PyInstaller issue; Windows only)
• Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (https://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=5555)
• Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7 (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=44266): for pylzma

c:\Python27\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
c:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe install psutil
c:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe install netaddr
c:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe install wmi
c:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe install path\to\colorama-0.3.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
c:\Python27\Scripts\pip.exe install pylzma

Requirements for the Threat Intel Receivers

• OTX Python SDK
• pyMISP

Usage

usage: loki.exe [-h] [-p path] [-s kilobyte] [-l log-file] [-a alert-level]
                [-w warning-level] [-n notice-level] [--printAll]
                [--allreasons] [--noprocscan] [--nofilescan] [--norootkit]
                [--noindicator] [--reginfs] [--dontwait] [--intense] [--csv]
                [--onlyrelevant] [--nolog] [--update] [--debug]

Loki - Simple IOC Scanner

optional arguments:
  -h, --help        show this help message and exit
  -p path           Path to scan
  -s kilobyte       Maximum file size to check in KB (default 4096 KB)
  -l log-file       Log file
  -a alert-level    Alert score
  -w warning-level  Warning score
  -n notice-level   Notice score
  --printAll        Print all files that are scanned
  --allreasons      Print all reasons that caused the score
  --noprocscan      Skip the process scan
  --nofilescan      Skip the file scan
  --norootkit       Skip the rootkit check
  --noindicator     Do not show a progress indicator
  --reginfs         Do check for Regin virtual file system
  --dontwait        Do not wait on exit
  --intense         Intense scan mode (also scan unknown file types and all
                    extensions)
  --csv             Write CSV log format to STDOUT (machine prcoessing)
  --onlyrelevant    Only print warnings or alerts
  --nolog           Don't write a local log file
  --update          Update the signatures from the "signature-base" sub
                    repository
  --debug           Debug output

Signature and IOCs

Since version 0.15 the Yara signatures reside in the sub-repository signature-base. You can just download the LOKI release ZIP archive and run LOKI once to download the 'signature-base' sub repository with all the signatures. Since version 0.21.0 a separate updater is provided as loki-upgrader.exe or loki-upgrader.py. LOKI expects the IOCs and signatures of the signature-base repo in a subfolder named signature-base.

The IOC files for hashes and filenames are stored in the './signature-base/iocs' folder. All '.yar' files placed in the './signature-base/yara' folder will be initialized together with the rule set that is already included. Use the 'score' value to define the level of the message upon a signature match.

You can add hash, c2 and filename IOCs by adding files to the './signature-base/iocs' subfolder. All hash IOCs and filename IOC files must be in the format used by LOKI (see the default files). The files must have the strings "hash", "filename" or "c2" in their name to get pulled during initialization.

For Hash IOCs (divided by newline; hash type is detected automatically)

Hash;Description [Reference]

For Filename IOCs (divided by newline)

# Description [Reference]
Regex;Score;False Positive Regex

You can user the following external variables in the YARA rules that your provide LOKI

filename - e.g. condition: $s1 and not filename == 'nmap.exe'
filepatch - e.g. condition: filepath == 'C:\Windows\cmd.exe'
extension - e.g. condition: uint32(0) == 0x5a4d and extension == ".txt"
filetype - eg. condition: extension == ".txt" and filetype == "EXE"
(see file-type-signatures.cfg in signature-base repo for all detected file types)
md5 - legacy value

User-Defined Scan Excludes

Since version v0.16.2 LOKI supports the definition of user-defined excludes via "excludes.cfg" in the new "./config" folder. Each line represents a regular expression thats gets applied to the full file path during the directory walk. This way you can exclude certain directories regardless of their drive name, file extensions in certain folders and all files and directories that belong to a product that is sensitive to antivirus scanning.

The '''exclude.cfg''' looks like this:

# Excluded directories
#
# - add directories you want to exclude from the scan
# - double escape back slashes
# - values are case-insensitive
# - remember to use back slashes on Windows and slashes on Linux / Unix / OSX
# - each line contains a regex that matches somewhere in the full path (case insensitive)
#   e.g.:
#   Regex: \\System32\\
#   Matches C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
#
#   Regex: /var/log/[^/]+\.log
#   Matches: /var/log/test.log
#   Not Matches: /var/log/test.gz
#

# Useful examples
\\Ntfrs\\
\\Ntds\\
\\EDB[^\.]+\.log
Sysvol\\Staging\\Nntfrs_cmp
\\System Volume Information\\DFSR

Threat Intel Receivers

Since version v0.10 LOKI includes various threat intel receivers using the public APIs of these services to retrieve and store the IOCs in a format that LOKI understands. It is no problem if these indicators overlap with the ones already included. Loki uses a filename regex or hash only once. (no preformance impact)

The threat intel receivers have also been moved to the signature-base sub repository with version 0.15 and can be found in "./signature-base/threatintel".

Provide your API key via -k APIKEY or set it in the script header.

Open Threat Exchange (OTX) Receiver

It's a simple script that downloads your subscribed events/iocs from Alienvault OTX and stores them in the correct format in the './iocs' subfolder. The script is located in the "./threatintel" folder and is named "get-otx-iocs.py". (see requirements above)

usage: get-otx-iocs.py [-h] [-k APIKEY] [-o dir] [--verifycert] [--debug]

OTX IOC Receiver

optional arguments:
  -h, --help    show this help message and exit
  -k APIKEY     OTX API key
  -o dir        Output directory
  --verifycert  Verify the server certificate
  --debug       Debug output

MISP Receiver

A simple script that downloads your subscribed events/iocs from a custom MISP instance and stores them in the correct format in the './iocs' subfolder. YARA rules stored in MISP will be written to the './iocs/yara' subfolder and automatically initialized during startup. The script is located in the "./threatintel" folder and is named "get-misp-iocs.py". (see requirements above)

usage: get-misp-iocs.py [-h] [-u URL] [-k APIKEY] [-l tframe] [-o dir]
                        [-y yara-dir] [--verifycert] [--debug]

MISP IOC Receiver

optional arguments:
  -h, --help    show this help message and exit
  -u URL        MISP URL
  -k APIKEY     MISP API key
  -l tframe     Time frame (e.g. 2d, 12h - default=30d)
  -o dir        Output directory
  -y yara-dir   YARA rule output directory
  --verifycert  Verify the server certificate
  --debug       Debug output

Screenshots

Loki Scan

Command Line Scan Output

Hash based IOCs

File Name based IOCs

Generated log file

Contact

LOKI scanner on our company homepage http://www.bsk-consulting.de/loki-free-ioc-scanner/

Twitter @cyb3rOps @thor_scanner

If you are interested in a corporate solution for APT scanning, check out Loki's big brother THOR.

Compile the Scanner

Download PyInstaller v2.1, switch to the pyinstaller program directory and execute:

python ./pyinstaller.py -F C:\path\to\loki.py

This will create a loki.exe in the subfolder ./loki/dist.

Pro Tip (optional)

To include the msvcr100.dll to improve the target os compatibility change the line in the file ./loki/loki.spec that contains a.bianries, to the following:

a.binaries + [('msvcr100.dll', 'C:\Windows\System32\msvcr100.dll', 'BINARY')],

Use LOKI on Mac OS X

• Download Yara sources from here
• Install openssl (brew install openssl, then sudo cp -r /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2h_1/include /usr/local)
• ./build.sh
• sudo make install
• Change to folder yara-python
• Run python setup.py install
• Also install the requirements, sudo pip install colorama gitpython, netaddr, pylzma etc...
• Download and unpack https://github.com/Neo23x0/signature-base into Loki folder
• cd loki folder, sudo python loki.py -p /

Antivirus - False Positives

The compiled scanner may be detected by antivirus engines. This is caused by the fact that the scanner is a compiled python script that implement some file system and process scanning features that are also used in compiled malware code.

If you don't trust the compiled executable, please compile it yourself.

License

Loki - Simple IOC Scanner Copyright (c) 2015 Florian Roth

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/